Minimalist Machine Derivations

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Examples:

  • Persian examples (Trevor Sullivan and Sandiway Fong) collapse
    Example Instruction stream (clickable) Notes
    (1a) Man mehmun davat kard-am
    I guest invitation do-1.sg
    I invited a guest
    [mehmun,d,[davat,'V'],'v*',[man,d],kard,'Tpast',c] Assume an empty verbalizer 'V' merges with nominal 'davat' (invitation) in morphology space. In narrow syntax, [V[V][N davat]] will be treated as an atomic head.
    Assume required 'kard' (do + PST) heads its own projection and is a 'v'.
    T's uPhi will be valued by the subject and surfaces as '-am' [1.sg].
    (1b) U mehmun davat kard-∅
    He/she guest invitation do-3.sg
    He/she invited a guest
    [mehmun,d,[davat,'V'],'v*',[u,d],kard,'Tpast',c] ∅ = zero affix for [3.sg].
    (1c) Anha mehmun davat kard-and
    They guest invitation do-3.pl
    They invited a guest
    [mehmun,d,[davat,'V'],'v*',[anha,d],kard,'Tpast',c]
    (2) Man mehmun davat mi-kon-am
    I guest invitation DUR-do-1.sg
    I invite a guest
    [mehmun,d,[davat,'V'],'v*',[man,d],kard,dur,'T',c] DUR = durative. DUR spells out as the prefix 'mi-'.
    'kard' (do) + PRES = 'kon'.
  • Machine Parameters: expand

    Derivation:
    (1b) U mehmun davat kard-∅
    He/she guest invitation do-3.sg
    He/she invited a guest

    Stream:[[mehmun!D],[d!case!N],[[davat!D],[V!N]],[v*!phi],[[u!D],[d!case!N]],[kard],[Tpast!phi],[c]]
    Stack (⥥):
    SO:[]

    Step 1.

    Head of stream [mehmun!D] is the initial SO
    Stream:[[d!case!N],[[davat!D],[V!N]],[v*!phi],[[u!D],[d!case!N]],[kard],[Tpast!phi],[c]]
    Stack (⥥):
    SO:[mehmun!D]

    Step 2.

    Merge [d!case!N] and [mehmun!D]
    Label from [d!case!N] (syntactic head with an unvalued uF)
    Inherit interpretable feature(s) [f(phi,[3,sg,n])] from [mehmun!D]
    [d!case!N] values D on [mehmun!D]
    [mehmun] values N on [d!case!N]
    Stream:[[[davat!D],[V!N]],[v*!phi],[[u!D],[d!case!N]],[kard],[Tpast!phi],[c]]
    Stack (⥥):
    SO:[d!case[d][mehmun]]

    Step 3.

    Begin substream
    Stream:[[davat!D],[V!N]]
    Stack (⥥):
    SO:[]

    Step 4.

    Head of stream [davat!D] is the initial SO
    Stream:[[V!N]]
    Stack (⥥):
    SO:[davat!D]

    Step 5.

    Merge [V!N] and [davat!D]
    Label from [V!N] (syntactic head with an unvalued uF)
    [V!N] values D on [davat!D]
    [davat] values N on [V!N]
    Stream:[]
    Stack (⥥):
    SO:[V[davat][V]]
    End substream, SO [V[davat][V]] re-inserted into main stream

    Step 6.

    Stream:[[V[davat][V]],[v*!phi],[[u!D],[d!case!N]],[kard],[Tpast!phi],[c]]
    Stack (⥥):
    SO:[d!case[d][mehmun]]

    Step 7.

    Merge [V[davat][V]] and [d!case[d][mehmun]]
    Label from [V[davat][V]] (syntactic head merging with a non-head)
    Theta-mark [d!case[d][mehmun]]
    Push [d!case[d][mehmun]] (unvalued uF) onto stack
    Stream:[[v*!phi],[[u!D],[d!case!N]],[kard],[Tpast!phi],[c]]
    Stack (⥥):[d!case[d][mehmun]]
    SO:[V[d!case[d][mehmun]][V[davat][V]]]

    Step 8.

    Merge [v*!phi] and [V[d!case[d..][mehmun..]][V[davat..][V..]]]
    Label from [v*!phi] (syntactic head with an unvalued uF)
    [d!case[d][mehmun]] values uPhi on [v*!phi]
    [v*] values acc case on [d!case[d][mehmun]]
    Stream:[[[u!D],[d!case!N]],[kard],[Tpast!phi],[c]]
    Stack (⥥):[d[d][mehmun]]
    SO:[v*[V[d[d][mehmun]][V[davat][V]]][v*]]

    Step 9.

    Begin substream
    Stream:[[u!D],[d!case!N]]
    Stack (⥥):
    SO:[]

    Step 10.

    Head of stream [u!D] is the initial SO
    Stream:[[d!case!N]]
    Stack (⥥):
    SO:[u!D]

    Step 11.

    Merge [d!case!N] and [u!D]
    Label from [d!case!N] (syntactic head with an unvalued uF)
    Inherit interpretable feature(s) [f(phi,[3,sg,mf])] from [u!D]
    [d!case!N] values D on [u!D]
    [u] values N on [d!case!N]
    Stream:[]
    Stack (⥥):
    SO:[d!case[d][u]]
    End substream, SO [d!case[d][u]] re-inserted into main stream

    Step 12.

    Stream:[[d!case[d][u]],[kard],[Tpast!phi],[c]]
    Stack (⥥):[d[d][mehmun]]
    SO:[v*[V[d[d][mehmun]][V[davat][V]]][v*]]

    Step 13.

    Merge [v*[V[d..][V..]][v*]] and [d!case[d][u]]
    Label from [v*[V[d..][V..]][v*]] (edge feature)
    Theta-mark [d!case[d][u]]
    Push [d!case[d][u]] (unvalued uF) onto stack
    Stream:[[kard],[Tpast!phi],[c]]
    Stack (⥥):[d!case[d][u]]
    [d[d][mehmun]]
    SO:[v*[d!case[d][u]][v*[V[d[d][mehmun]][V[davat][V]]][v*]]]

    Step 14.

    Merge [kard] and [v*[d!case[d..][u..]][v*[V..][v*..]]]
    Label from [kard] (syntactic head merging with a non-head)
    Stream:[[Tpast!phi],[c]]
    Stack (⥥):[d!case[d][u]]
    [d[d][mehmun]]
    SO:[kard[v*[d!case[d][u]][v*[V[d[d][mehmun]][V[davat][V]]][v*]]][kard]]

    Step 15.

    Merge [Tpast!phi] and [kard[v*[d..][v*..]][kard]]
    Label from [Tpast!phi] (syntactic head merging with a non-head)
    [d!case[d][u]] values uPhi on [Tpast!phi]
    [Tpast] values nom case on [d!case[d][u]]
    Stream:[[c]]
    Stack (⥥):[d[d][u]]
    [d[d][mehmun]]
    SO:[Tpast[kard[v*[d[d][u]][v*[V[d[d][mehmun]][V[davat][V]]][v*]]][kard]][Tpast]]

    Step 16.

    Internal merge selected
    Merge [Tpast[kard[v*..][kard..]][Tpast]] and [d[d][u]]
    Label from [Tpast[kard[v*..][kard..]][Tpast]] (edge feature)
    Stream:[[c]]
    Stack (⥥):[d[d][u]]
    [d[d][mehmun]]
    SO:[Tpast[d[d][u]][Tpast[kard[v*[d[d][u]][v*[V[d[d][mehmun]][V[davat][V]]][v*]]][kard]][Tpast]]]

    Step 17.

    Merge [c] and [Tpast[d[d..][u..]][Tpast[kard..][Tpast..]]]
    Label from [c] (syntactic head merging with a non-head)
    Stream:[]
    Stack (⥥):[d[d][u]]
    [d[d][mehmun]]
    SO:[c[c][Tpast[d[d][u]][Tpast[kard[v*[d[d][u]][v*[V[d[d][mehmun]][V[davat][V]]][v*]]][kard]][Tpast]]]]

    Step 18.

    Local Extent boundary at [c[c][Tpast[d..][Tpast..]]]
    New boundary (b) marker stacked
    Stream:[]
    Stack (⥥):b
    [d[d][u]]
    [d[d][mehmun]]
    SO:[c[c][Tpast[d[d][u]][Tpast[kard[v*[d[d][u]][v*[V[d[d][mehmun]][V[davat][V]]][v*]]][kard]][Tpast]]]]

    Parse:
    Spell-out:
    u -acc mehmun davat kard t(past,[3,sg]) (after morpheme realization)
    u mehmun -acc davat kard t(past,[3,sg]) (after affix-hop)
    u mehmun -acc davat kard (after morpheme realization, stage 2)
    u mehmun davat kard  

    One derivation found.
    Computational Cost:
    Merge: 10, Agree: 10, Unify: 0, Push: 2, Boundaries: 1, Inject: 0
    Non-TOS access: 0, Pop: 0, Depth cost: 7
    Step:0123456789101112131415161718
    Stack depth:0000000110001222223

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